:root{--mobile-breakpoint: 768px;--tablet-breakpoint: 1024px;--desktop-breakpoint: 1200px;--side-panel-width: 280px;--page-width: 800px;--top-spacing: 6rem;--mobile-padding: 1rem}@media(min-width:768px){html,body{height:100%;overflow-y:hidden}#quartz-root.page,#quartz-body{height:100vh}.center{height:calc(100vh - 64px);overflow-y:auto}}.page{max-width:1760px;margin:0 auto;width:100%;overflow-x:clip}#quartz-body{display:grid;-moz-column-gap:0;column-gap:0;row-gap:0;width:100%;min-width:0}@media(min-width:1200px){#quartz-body{grid-template-columns:var(--side-panel-width) 1fr var(--side-panel-width);grid-template-rows:auto auto auto;grid-template-areas:"grid-header grid-header grid-header" "grid-sidebar-left grid-center grid-sidebar-right" "grid-sidebar-left grid-footer grid-sidebar-right"}}@media(min-width:768px)and (max-width:1199px){#quartz-body{grid-template-columns:var(--side-panel-width) 1fr;grid-template-rows:auto auto auto auto;grid-template-areas:"grid-header grid-header" "grid-sidebar-left grid-center" "grid-sidebar-left grid-sidebar-right" "grid-sidebar-left grid-footer"}}@media(max-width:767px){#quartz-body{grid-template-columns:1fr;grid-template-rows:auto auto auto auto;grid-template-areas:"grid-header" "grid-center" "grid-sidebar-right" "grid-footer"}.left.sidebar{display:none}}.sidebar{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:1rem;position:sticky;top:64px;height:calc(100vh - 64px);overflow-y:auto;padding:0 1rem}.sidebar>h2,.sidebar>.page-title,.sidebar>div>h2,.sidebar>div>h3{font-size:1rem;margin:0;padding:.25rem 0;line-height:1.2;font-weight:600}.left.sidebar{grid-area:grid-sidebar-left;background-color:var(--bg-sidebar);border-right:1px solid var(--lightgray)}.right.sidebar{grid-area:grid-sidebar-right;background-color:var(--bg-sidebar);border-left:1px solid var(--lightgray)}.center{grid-area:grid-center;padding:1rem 2rem 0;width:100%;max-width:100%;margin:0 auto;background-color:var(--bg-content);min-height:calc(100vh - 64px);min-width:0}.page-header{grid-area:grid-header;padding:0;width:100%;position:sticky;top:0;z-index:1000;background:#fdfcf8e6;backdrop-filter:blur(8px);border-bottom:1px solid var(--lightgray)}.page-header header{width:100%;margin:0;padding:0}.page-footer{grid-area:grid-footer;padding:0 2rem;margin-top:2rem;width:100%}@media(max-width:767px){.sidebar{position:static;max-height:none;height:auto;padding:var(--mobile-padding);border-top:1px solid var(--lightgray);margin-top:1rem}.left.sidebar{display:none}.right.sidebar{order:3;border-left:none}.center{padding:0 var(--mobile-padding);max-width:100%;padding-top:.5rem}.page-header,.page-footer{padding:0}.page-footer{padding:0 var(--mobile-padding)}}header{display:block;width:100%;margin:0;padding:0}header h1{margin:0;flex:auto;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.2}.desktop-only{display:initial}.mobile-only{display:none}@media(max-width:767px){.desktop-only{display:none}.mobile-only{display:initial}}.flex-component,.desktop-only.flex-component{display:flex}.mobile-only.flex-component{display:none}@media(max-width:767px){.desktop-only.flex-component{display:none}.mobile-only.flex-component{display:flex}}article{width:100%}article :where(p,li,blockquote,figcaption){overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:break-word}article>h1{font-size:2rem;margin-top:1rem}@media(max-width:767px){article>h1{font-size:1.75rem}}.center>hr{margin:2rem 0;border:none;border-top:1px solid var(--lightgray)}@media(max-width:767px){.center>hr{margin:1.5rem 0}}::-webkit-scrollbar{width:3px;height:3px}::-webkit-scrollbar-track{background:transparent}::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{background:#0000001a;border-radius:99px;-webkit-transition:background .3s ease;transition:background .3s ease}::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background:#00000040}*{scrollbar-width:thin;scrollbar-color:rgba(0,0,0,.1) transparent}.sidebar-section{border:1px solid var(--lightgray);border-radius:.5rem;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:.5rem}.sidebar-section-header{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;padding:.75rem 1rem;background:var(--highlight);cursor:pointer;min-height:44px;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;user-select:none}.sidebar-section-header:hover{background:var(--lightgray)}.sidebar-section-title{font-weight:600;font-size:.875rem;color:var(--dark);margin:0}.sidebar-section-toggle{font-size:.75rem;color:var(--gray);transition:transform .2s ease}.sidebar-section.collapsed .sidebar-section-toggle{transform:rotate(-90deg)}.sidebar-section-content{padding:1rem;display:block}.sidebar-section.collapsed .sidebar-section-content{display:none}@media(min-width:768px){.sidebar-section{border:none;border-radius:0}.sidebar-section-header{display:none}.sidebar-section-content{padding:0}.sidebar-section.collapsed .sidebar-section-content{display:block}}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_AMS;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_AMS-Regular.BQhdFMY1.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_AMS-Regular.DMm9YOAa.woff) format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_AMS-Regular.DRggAlZN.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Caligraphic;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_Caligraphic-Bold.Dq_IR9rO.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Caligraphic-Bold.BEiXGLvX.woff) format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Caligraphic-Bold.ATXxdsX0.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Caligraphic;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_Caligraphic-Regular.Di6jR-x-.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Caligraphic-Regular.CTRA-rTL.woff) format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Caligraphic-Regular.wX97UBjC.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Fraktur;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_Fraktur-Bold.CL6g_b3V.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Fraktur-Bold.BsDP51OF.woff) format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Fraktur-Bold.BdnERNNW.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Fraktur;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_Fraktur-Regular.CTYiF6lA.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Fraktur-Regular.Dxdc4cR9.woff) format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Fraktur-Regular.CB_wures.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Main;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_Main-Bold.Cx986IdX.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Main-Bold.Jm3AIy58.woff) format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Main-Bold.waoOVXN0.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Main;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_Main-BoldItalic.DxDJ3AOS.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Main-BoldItalic.SpSLRI95.woff) format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Main-BoldItalic.DzxPMmG6.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Main;font-style:italic;font-weight:400;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_Main-Italic.NWA7e6Wa.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Main-Italic.BMLOBm91.woff) format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Main-Italic.3WenGoN9.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Main;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_Main-Regular.B22Nviop.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Main-Regular.Dr94JaBh.woff) format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Main-Regular.ypZvNtVU.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Math;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_Math-BoldItalic.CZnvNsCZ.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Math-BoldItalic.iY-2wyZ7.woff) format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Math-BoldItalic.B3XSjfu4.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Math;font-style:italic;font-weight:400;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_Math-Italic.t53AETM-.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Math-Italic.DA0__PXp.woff) format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Math-Italic.flOr_0UB.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_SansSerif;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_SansSerif-Bold.D1sUS0GD.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_SansSerif-Bold.DbIhKOiC.woff) format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_SansSerif-Bold.CFMepnvq.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_SansSerif;font-style:italic;font-weight:400;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_SansSerif-Italic.C3H0VqGB.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_SansSerif-Italic.DN2j7dab.woff) format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_SansSerif-Italic.YYjJ1zSn.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_SansSerif;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_SansSerif-Regular.DDBCnlJ7.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_SansSerif-Regular.CS6fqUqJ.woff) format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_SansSerif-Regular.BNo7hRIc.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Script;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_Script-Regular.D3wIWfF6.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Script-Regular.D5yQViql.woff) format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Script-Regular.C5JkGWo-.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Size1;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_Size1-Regular.mCD8mA8B.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Size1-Regular.C195tn64.woff) format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Size1-Regular.Dbsnue_I.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Size2;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_Size2-Regular.Dy4dx90m.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Size2-Regular.oD1tc_U0.woff) format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Size2-Regular.B7gKUWhC.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Size3;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(data:font/woff2;base64,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) format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Size3-Regular.CTq5MqoE.woff) format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Size3-Regular.DgpXs0kz.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Size4;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_Size4-Regular.Dl5lxZxV.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Size4-Regular.BF-4gkZK.woff) format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Size4-Regular.DWFBv043.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Typewriter;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_Typewriter-Regular.CO6r4hn1.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Typewriter-Regular.C0xS9mPB.woff) format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Typewriter-Regular.D3Ib7_Hf.ttf) format("truetype")}.katex{font: 1.21em KaTeX_Main,Times New Roman,serif;line-height:1.2;position:relative;text-indent:0;text-rendering:auto}.katex *{-ms-high-contrast-adjust:none!important;border-color:currentColor}.katex .katex-version:after{content:"0.16.40"}.katex .katex-mathml{clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);border:0;height:1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}.katex .katex-html>.newline{display:block}.katex .base{position:relative;white-space:nowrap;width:-moz-min-content;width:min-content}.katex .base,.katex .strut{display:inline-block}.katex .textbf{font-weight:700}.katex .textit{font-style:italic}.katex .textrm{font-family:KaTeX_Main}.katex .textsf{font-family:KaTeX_SansSerif}.katex .texttt{font-family:KaTeX_Typewriter}.katex .mathnormal{font-family:KaTeX_Math;font-style:italic}.katex .mathit{font-family:KaTeX_Main;font-style:italic}.katex .mathrm{font-style:normal}.katex .mathbf{font-family:KaTeX_Main;font-weight:700}.katex .boldsymbol{font-family:KaTeX_Math;font-style:italic;font-weight:700}.katex .amsrm,.katex .mathbb,.katex .textbb{font-family:KaTeX_AMS}.katex .mathcal{font-family:KaTeX_Caligraphic}.katex .mathfrak,.katex .textfrak{font-family:KaTeX_Fraktur}.katex .mathboldfrak,.katex .textboldfrak{font-family:KaTeX_Fraktur;font-weight:700}.katex .mathtt{font-family:KaTeX_Typewriter}.katex .mathscr,.katex .textscr{font-family:KaTeX_Script}.katex .mathsf,.katex .textsf{font-family:KaTeX_SansSerif}.katex .mathboldsf,.katex .textboldsf{font-family:KaTeX_SansSerif;font-weight:700}.katex .mathitsf,.katex .mathsfit,.katex .textitsf{font-family:KaTeX_SansSerif;font-style:italic}.katex .mainrm{font-family:KaTeX_Main;font-style:normal}.katex .vlist-t{border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;table-layout:fixed}.katex .vlist-r{display:table-row}.katex .vlist{display:table-cell;position:relative;vertical-align:bottom}.katex .vlist>span{display:block;height:0;position:relative}.katex .vlist>span>span{display:inline-block}.katex .vlist>span>.pstrut{overflow:hidden;width:0}.katex .vlist-t2{margin-right:-2px}.katex .vlist-s{display:table-cell;font-size:1px;min-width:2px;vertical-align:bottom;width:2px}.katex .vbox{align-items:baseline;display:inline-flex;flex-direction:column}.katex .hbox{width:100%}.katex .hbox,.katex .thinbox{display:inline-flex;flex-direction:row}.katex .thinbox{max-width:0;width:0}.katex .msupsub{text-align:left}.katex .mfrac>span>span{text-align:center}.katex .mfrac .frac-line{border-bottom-style:solid;display:inline-block;width:100%}.katex .hdashline,.katex .hline,.katex .mfrac .frac-line,.katex .overline .overline-line,.katex .rule,.katex .underline .underline-line{min-height:1px}.katex .mspace{display:inline-block}.katex .smash{display:inline;line-height:0}.katex .clap,.katex .llap,.katex .rlap{position:relative;width:0}.katex .clap>.inner,.katex .llap>.inner,.katex .rlap>.inner{position:absolute}.katex .clap>.fix,.katex .llap>.fix,.katex .rlap>.fix{display:inline-block}.katex .llap>.inner{right:0}.katex .clap>.inner,.katex .rlap>.inner{left:0}.katex .clap>.inner>span{margin-left:-50%;margin-right:50%}.katex .rule{border:0 solid;display:inline-block;position:relative}.katex .hline,.katex .overline .overline-line,.katex .underline .underline-line{border-bottom-style:solid;display:inline-block;width:100%}.katex .hdashline{border-bottom-style:dashed;display:inline-block;width:100%}.katex .sqrt>.root{margin-left:.2777777778em;margin-right:-.5555555556em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size1,.katex .sizing.reset-size1.size1{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size2,.katex .sizing.reset-size1.size2{font-size:1.2em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size3,.katex .sizing.reset-size1.size3{font-size:1.4em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size4,.katex .sizing.reset-size1.size4{font-size:1.6em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size5,.katex .sizing.reset-size1.size5{font-size:1.8em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size6,.katex .sizing.reset-size1.size6{font-size:2em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size7,.katex .sizing.reset-size1.size7{font-size:2.4em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size8,.katex .sizing.reset-size1.size8{font-size:2.88em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size9,.katex .sizing.reset-size1.size9{font-size:3.456em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size10,.katex .sizing.reset-size1.size10{font-size:4.148em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size11,.katex .sizing.reset-size1.size11{font-size:4.976em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size1,.katex .sizing.reset-size2.size1{font-size:.8333333333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size2,.katex .sizing.reset-size2.size2{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size3,.katex .sizing.reset-size2.size3{font-size:1.1666666667em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size4,.katex .sizing.reset-size2.size4{font-size:1.3333333333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size5,.katex .sizing.reset-size2.size5{font-size:1.5em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size6,.katex .sizing.reset-size2.size6{font-size:1.6666666667em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size7,.katex .sizing.reset-size2.size7{font-size:2em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size8,.katex .sizing.reset-size2.size8{font-size:2.4em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size9,.katex .sizing.reset-size2.size9{font-size:2.88em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size10,.katex .sizing.reset-size2.size10{font-size:3.4566666667em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size11,.katex .sizing.reset-size2.size11{font-size:4.1466666667em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size1,.katex .sizing.reset-size3.size1{font-size:.7142857143em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size2,.katex .sizing.reset-size3.size2{font-size:.8571428571em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size3,.katex .sizing.reset-size3.size3{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size4,.katex .sizing.reset-size3.size4{font-size:1.1428571429em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size5,.katex .sizing.reset-size3.size5{font-size:1.2857142857em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size6,.katex .sizing.reset-size3.size6{font-size:1.4285714286em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size7,.katex .sizing.reset-size3.size7{font-size:1.7142857143em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size8,.katex .sizing.reset-size3.size8{font-size:2.0571428571em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size9,.katex .sizing.reset-size3.size9{font-size:2.4685714286em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size10,.katex .sizing.reset-size3.size10{font-size:2.9628571429em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size11,.katex .sizing.reset-size3.size11{font-size:3.5542857143em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size1,.katex .sizing.reset-size4.size1{font-size:.625em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size2,.katex .sizing.reset-size4.size2{font-size:.75em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size3,.katex .sizing.reset-size4.size3{font-size:.875em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size4,.katex .sizing.reset-size4.size4{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size5,.katex .sizing.reset-size4.size5{font-size:1.125em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size6,.katex .sizing.reset-size4.size6{font-size:1.25em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size7,.katex .sizing.reset-size4.size7{font-size:1.5em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size8,.katex .sizing.reset-size4.size8{font-size:1.8em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size9,.katex .sizing.reset-size4.size9{font-size:2.16em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size10,.katex .sizing.reset-size4.size10{font-size:2.5925em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size11,.katex .sizing.reset-size4.size11{font-size:3.11em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size1,.katex .sizing.reset-size5.size1{font-size:.5555555556em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size2,.katex .sizing.reset-size5.size2{font-size:.6666666667em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size3,.katex .sizing.reset-size5.size3{font-size:.7777777778em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size4,.katex .sizing.reset-size5.size4{font-size:.8888888889em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size5,.katex .sizing.reset-size5.size5{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size6,.katex .sizing.reset-size5.size6{font-size:1.1111111111em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size7,.katex .sizing.reset-size5.size7{font-size:1.3333333333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size8,.katex .sizing.reset-size5.size8{font-size:1.6em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size9,.katex .sizing.reset-size5.size9{font-size:1.92em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size10,.katex .sizing.reset-size5.size10{font-size:2.3044444444em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size11,.katex .sizing.reset-size5.size11{font-size:2.7644444444em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size1,.katex .sizing.reset-size6.size1{font-size:.5em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size2,.katex .sizing.reset-size6.size2{font-size:.6em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size3,.katex .sizing.reset-size6.size3{font-size:.7em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size4,.katex .sizing.reset-size6.size4{font-size:.8em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size5,.katex .sizing.reset-size6.size5{font-size:.9em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size6,.katex .sizing.reset-size6.size6{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size7,.katex .sizing.reset-size6.size7{font-size:1.2em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size8,.katex .sizing.reset-size6.size8{font-size:1.44em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size9,.katex .sizing.reset-size6.size9{font-size:1.728em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size10,.katex .sizing.reset-size6.size10{font-size:2.074em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size11,.katex .sizing.reset-size6.size11{font-size:2.488em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size1,.katex .sizing.reset-size7.size1{font-size:.4166666667em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size2,.katex .sizing.reset-size7.size2{font-size:.5em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size3,.katex .sizing.reset-size7.size3{font-size:.5833333333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size4,.katex .sizing.reset-size7.size4{font-size:.6666666667em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size5,.katex .sizing.reset-size7.size5{font-size:.75em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size6,.katex .sizing.reset-size7.size6{font-size:.8333333333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size7,.katex .sizing.reset-size7.size7{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size8,.katex .sizing.reset-size7.size8{font-size:1.2em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size9,.katex .sizing.reset-size7.size9{font-size:1.44em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size10,.katex .sizing.reset-size7.size10{font-size:1.7283333333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size11,.katex .sizing.reset-size7.size11{font-size:2.0733333333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size1,.katex .sizing.reset-size8.size1{font-size:.3472222222em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size2,.katex .sizing.reset-size8.size2{font-size:.4166666667em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size3,.katex .sizing.reset-size8.size3{font-size:.4861111111em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size4,.katex .sizing.reset-size8.size4{font-size:.5555555556em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size5,.katex .sizing.reset-size8.size5{font-size:.625em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size6,.katex .sizing.reset-size8.size6{font-size:.6944444444em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size7,.katex .sizing.reset-size8.size7{font-size:.8333333333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size8,.katex .sizing.reset-size8.size8{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size9,.katex .sizing.reset-size8.size9{font-size:1.2em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size10,.katex .sizing.reset-size8.size10{font-size:1.4402777778em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size11,.katex .sizing.reset-size8.size11{font-size:1.7277777778em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size1,.katex .sizing.reset-size9.size1{font-size:.2893518519em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size2,.katex .sizing.reset-size9.size2{font-size:.3472222222em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size3,.katex .sizing.reset-size9.size3{font-size:.4050925926em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size4,.katex .sizing.reset-size9.size4{font-size:.462962963em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size5,.katex .sizing.reset-size9.size5{font-size:.5208333333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size6,.katex .sizing.reset-size9.size6{font-size:.5787037037em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size7,.katex .sizing.reset-size9.size7{font-size:.6944444444em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size8,.katex .sizing.reset-size9.size8{font-size:.8333333333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size9,.katex .sizing.reset-size9.size9{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size10,.katex .sizing.reset-size9.size10{font-size:1.2002314815em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size11,.katex .sizing.reset-size9.size11{font-size:1.4398148148em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size1,.katex .sizing.reset-size10.size1{font-size:.2410800386em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size2,.katex .sizing.reset-size10.size2{font-size:.2892960463em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size3,.katex .sizing.reset-size10.size3{font-size:.337512054em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size4,.katex .sizing.reset-size10.size4{font-size:.3857280617em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size5,.katex .sizing.reset-size10.size5{font-size:.4339440694em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size6,.katex .sizing.reset-size10.size6{font-size:.4821600771em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size7,.katex .sizing.reset-size10.size7{font-size:.5785920926em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size8,.katex .sizing.reset-size10.size8{font-size:.6943105111em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size9,.katex .sizing.reset-size10.size9{font-size:.8331726133em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size10,.katex .sizing.reset-size10.size10{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size11,.katex .sizing.reset-size10.size11{font-size:1.1996142719em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size1,.katex .sizing.reset-size11.size1{font-size:.2009646302em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size2,.katex .sizing.reset-size11.size2{font-size:.2411575563em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size3,.katex .sizing.reset-size11.size3{font-size:.2813504823em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size4,.katex .sizing.reset-size11.size4{font-size:.3215434084em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size5,.katex .sizing.reset-size11.size5{font-size:.3617363344em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size6,.katex .sizing.reset-size11.size6{font-size:.4019292605em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size7,.katex .sizing.reset-size11.size7{font-size:.4823151125em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size8,.katex .sizing.reset-size11.size8{font-size:.578778135em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size9,.katex .sizing.reset-size11.size9{font-size:.6945337621em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size10,.katex .sizing.reset-size11.size10{font-size:.8336012862em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size11,.katex .sizing.reset-size11.size11{font-size:1em}.katex .delimsizing.size1{font-family:KaTeX_Size1}.katex .delimsizing.size2{font-family:KaTeX_Size2}.katex .delimsizing.size3{font-family:KaTeX_Size3}.katex .delimsizing.size4{font-family:KaTeX_Size4}.katex .delimsizing.mult .delim-size1>span{font-family:KaTeX_Size1}.katex .delimsizing.mult .delim-size4>span{font-family:KaTeX_Size4}.katex .nulldelimiter{display:inline-block;width:.12em}.katex .delimcenter,.katex .op-symbol{position:relative}.katex .op-symbol.small-op{font-family:KaTeX_Size1}.katex .op-symbol.large-op{font-family:KaTeX_Size2}.katex .accent>.vlist-t,.katex .op-limits>.vlist-t{text-align:center}.katex .accent .accent-body{position:relative}.katex .accent .accent-body:not(.accent-full){width:0}.katex .overlay{display:block}.katex .mtable .vertical-separator{display:inline-block;min-width:1px}.katex .mtable .arraycolsep{display:inline-block}.katex .mtable .col-align-c>.vlist-t{text-align:center}.katex .mtable .col-align-l>.vlist-t{text-align:left}.katex .mtable .col-align-r>.vlist-t{text-align:right}.katex .svg-align{text-align:left}.katex svg{fill:currentColor;stroke:currentColor;display:block;height:inherit;position:absolute;width:100%}.katex svg path{stroke:none}.katex svg{fill-rule:nonzero;fill-opacity:1;stroke-width:1;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0;stroke-opacity:1}.katex img{border-style:none;max-height:none;max-width:none;min-height:0;min-width:0}.katex .stretchy{display:block;overflow:hidden;position:relative;width:100%}.katex .stretchy:after,.katex .stretchy:before{content:""}.katex .hide-tail{overflow:hidden;position:relative;width:100%}.katex .halfarrow-left{left:0;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;width:50.2%}.katex .halfarrow-right{overflow:hidden;position:absolute;right:0;width:50.2%}.katex .brace-left{left:0;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;width:25.1%}.katex .brace-center{left:25%;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;width:50%}.katex .brace-right{overflow:hidden;position:absolute;right:0;width:25.1%}.katex .x-arrow-pad{padding:0 .5em}.katex .cd-arrow-pad{padding:0 .55556em 0 .27778em}.katex .mover,.katex .munder,.katex .x-arrow{text-align:center}.katex .boxpad{padding:0 .3em}.katex .fbox,.katex .fcolorbox{border:.04em solid;box-sizing:border-box}.katex .cancel-pad{padding:0 .2em}.katex .cancel-lap{margin-left:-.2em;margin-right:-.2em}.katex .sout{border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-width:.08em}.katex .angl{border-right:.049em solid;border-top:.049em solid;box-sizing:border-box;margin-right:.03889em}.katex .anglpad{padding:0 .03889em}.katex .eqn-num:before{content:"(" counter(katexEqnNo) ")";counter-increment:katexEqnNo}.katex .mml-eqn-num:before{content:"(" counter(mmlEqnNo) ")";counter-increment:mmlEqnNo}.katex .mtr-glue{width:50%}.katex .cd-vert-arrow{display:inline-block;position:relative}.katex .cd-label-left{display:inline-block;position:absolute;right:calc(50% + .3em);text-align:left}.katex .cd-label-right{display:inline-block;left:calc(50% + .3em);position:absolute;text-align:right}.katex-display{display:block;margin:1em 0;text-align:center}.katex-display>.katex{display:block;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap}.katex-display>.katex>.katex-html{display:block;position:relative}.katex-display>.katex>.katex-html>.tag{position:absolute;right:0}.katex-display.leqno>.katex>.katex-html>.tag{left:0;right:auto}.katex-display.fleqn>.katex{padding-left:2em;text-align:left}body{counter-reset:katexEqnNo mmlEqnNo}.callout{border:1px solid var(--border);background-color:var(--bg);border-radius:5px;padding:0 1rem;margin:1rem 0;overflow-y:hidden;box-sizing:border-box}.callout>.callout-content{display:grid;transition:grid-template-rows .1s cubic-bezier(.02,.01,.47,1);overflow:hidden}.callout>.callout-content>:first-child{margin-top:0}.callout{--callout-icon-note: url('data:image/svg+xml; utf8, <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><line x1="18" y1="2" x2="22" y2="6"></line><path d="M7.5 20.5 19 9l-4-4L3.5 16.5 2 22z"></path></svg>');--callout-icon-abstract: url('data:image/svg+xml; utf8, <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><rect x="8" y="2" width="8" height="4" rx="1" ry="1"></rect><path d="M16 4h2a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v14a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H6a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V6a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h2"></path><path d="M12 11h4"></path><path d="M12 16h4"></path><path d="M8 11h.01"></path><path d="M8 16h.01"></path></svg>');--callout-icon-info: url('data:image/svg+xml; utf8, <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="10"></circle><line x1="12" y1="16" x2="12" y2="12"></line><line x1="12" y1="8" x2="12.01" y2="8"></line></svg>');--callout-icon-todo: url('data:image/svg+xml; utf8, <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M12 22c5.523 0 10-4.477 10-10S17.523 2 12 2 2 6.477 2 12s4.477 10 10 10z"></path><path d="m9 12 2 2 4-4"></path></svg>');--callout-icon-tip: url('data:image/svg+xml; utf8,<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M8.5 14.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 11 12c0-1.38-.5-2-1-3-1.072-2.143-.224-4.054 2-6 .5 2.5 2 4.9 4 6.5 2 1.6 3 3.5 3 5.5a7 7 0 1 1-14 0c0-1.153.433-2.294 1-3a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5 2.5z"></path></svg> ');--callout-icon-success: url('data:image/svg+xml; utf8,<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><polyline points="20 6 9 17 4 12"></polyline></svg> ');--callout-icon-question: url('data:image/svg+xml; utf8,<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="10"></circle><path d="M9.09 9a3 3 0 0 1 5.83 1c0 2-3 3-3 3"></path><line x1="12" y1="17" x2="12.01" y2="17"></line></svg> ');--callout-icon-warning: url('data:image/svg+xml; utf8, <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="m21.73 18-8-14a2 2 0 0 0-3.48 0l-8 14A2 2 0 0 0 4 21h16a2 2 0 0 0 1.73-3Z"></path><line x1="12" y1="9" x2="12" y2="13"></line><line x1="12" y1="17" x2="12.01" y2="17"></line></svg>');--callout-icon-failure: url('data:image/svg+xml; utf8,<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><line x1="18" y1="6" x2="6" y2="18"></line><line x1="6" y1="6" x2="18" y2="18"></line></svg> ');--callout-icon-danger: url('data:image/svg+xml; utf8,<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><polygon points="13 2 3 14 12 14 11 22 21 10 12 10 13 2"></polygon></svg> ');--callout-icon-bug: url('data:image/svg+xml; utf8, <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><rect width="8" height="14" x="8" y="6" rx="4"></rect><path d="m19 7-3 2"></path><path d="m5 7 3 2"></path><path d="m19 19-3-2"></path><path d="m5 19 3-2"></path><path d="M20 13h-4"></path><path d="M4 13h4"></path><path d="m10 4 1 2"></path><path d="m14 4-1 2"></path></svg>');--callout-icon-example: url('data:image/svg+xml; utf8,<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><line x1="8" y1="6" x2="21" y2="6"></line><line x1="8" y1="12" x2="21" y2="12"></line><line x1="8" y1="18" x2="21" y2="18"></line><line x1="3" y1="6" x2="3.01" y2="6"></line><line x1="3" y1="12" x2="3.01" y2="12"></line><line x1="3" y1="18" x2="3.01" y2="18"></line></svg> ');--callout-icon-quote: url('data:image/svg+xml; utf8, <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M3 21c3 0 7-1 7-8V5c0-1.25-.756-2.017-2-2H4c-1.25 0-2 .75-2 1.972V11c0 1.25.75 2 2 2 1 0 1 0 1 1v1c0 1-1 2-2 2s-1 .008-1 1.031V20c0 1 0 1 1 1z"></path><path d="M15 21c3 0 7-1 7-8V5c0-1.25-.757-2.017-2-2h-4c-1.25 0-2 .75-2 1.972V11c0 1.25.75 2 2 2h.75c0 2.25.25 4-2.75 4v3c0 1 0 1 1 1z"></path></svg>');--callout-icon-fold: url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"%3E%3Cpolyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"%3E%3C/polyline%3E%3C/svg%3E')}.callout[data-callout]{--color: #448aff;--border: #448aff44;--bg: #448aff10;--callout-icon: var(--callout-icon-note)}.callout[data-callout=abstract]{--color: #00b0ff;--border: #00b0ff44;--bg: #00b0ff10;--callout-icon: var(--callout-icon-abstract)}.callout[data-callout=info],.callout[data-callout=todo]{--color: #00b8d4;--border: #00b8d444;--bg: #00b8d410;--callout-icon: var(--callout-icon-info)}.callout[data-callout=todo]{--callout-icon: var(--callout-icon-todo)}.callout[data-callout=tip]{--color: #00bfa5;--border: #00bfa544;--bg: #00bfa510;--callout-icon: var(--callout-icon-tip)}.callout[data-callout=success]{--color: #09ad7a;--border: #09ad7144;--bg: #09ad7110;--callout-icon: var(--callout-icon-success)}.callout[data-callout=question]{--color: #dba642;--border: #dba64244;--bg: #dba64210;--callout-icon: var(--callout-icon-question)}.callout[data-callout=warning]{--color: #db8942;--border: #db894244;--bg: #db894210;--callout-icon: var(--callout-icon-warning)}.callout[data-callout=failure],.callout[data-callout=danger],.callout[data-callout=bug]{--color: #db4242;--border: #db424244;--bg: #db424210;--callout-icon: var(--callout-icon-failure)}.callout[data-callout=bug]{--callout-icon: var(--callout-icon-bug)}.callout[data-callout=danger]{--callout-icon: var(--callout-icon-danger)}.callout[data-callout=example]{--color: #7a43b5;--border: #7a43b544;--bg: #7a43b510;--callout-icon: var(--callout-icon-example)}.callout[data-callout=quote]{--color: var(--secondary);--border: var(--lightgray);--callout-icon: var(--callout-icon-quote)}.callout.is-collapsed>.callout-title>.fold-callout-icon{transform:rotate(-90deg)}.callout.is-collapsed .callout-content>:first-child{transition:height .1s cubic-bezier(.02,.01,.47,1),margin .1s cubic-bezier(.02,.01,.47,1);overflow-y:clip;height:0;margin-top:-1rem}.callout-title{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:5px;padding:1rem 0;color:var(--color)}.callout-title .fold-callout-icon{transition:transform .15s ease;opacity:.8;cursor:pointer;--callout-icon: var(--callout-icon-fold)}.callout-title>.callout-title-inner>p{color:var(--color);margin:0}.callout-icon,.callout-title .fold-callout-icon{width:18px;height:18px;flex:0 0 18px;background-size:18px 18px;background-position:center;background-color:var(--color);-webkit-mask-image:var(--callout-icon);mask-image:var(--callout-icon);-webkit-mask-size:18px 18px;mask-size:18px 18px;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat;padding:.2rem 0}.callout-title-inner{font-weight:600}.backlinks{display:flex;flex-direction:column;margin-top:2rem;padding:1rem;border:1px solid var(--lightgray);border-radius:.5rem;background-color:var(--light)}.backlinks>h3{font-size:1rem;margin:0 0 .5rem;color:var(--darkgray);font-weight:600}.backlinks>ul,.backlinks>ul.overflow{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:.5rem 0 0;max-height:400px;overflow-y:auto;overscroll-behavior:contain}.backlinks>ul>li{margin-bottom:.5rem}.backlinks>ul>li>a{background-color:transparent;display:block;padding:.5rem;border-radius:.25rem;transition:background-color .2s ease}.backlinks>ul>li>a:hover{background-color:var(--highlight)}.backlinks>ul>li>a.internal{display:block;padding:.5rem}.backlinks .no-backlinks{color:var(--gray);font-style:italic;padding:.5rem 0}.graph{margin:2rem 0}.graph>h3{font-size:1rem;margin:0 0 .5rem;color:var(--darkgray);font-weight:600}.graph>.graph-outer{border-radius:5px;border:1px solid var(--lightgray);box-sizing:border-box;height:250px;margin:.5em 0;position:relative;overflow:hidden;background-color:transparent}.graph>.graph-outer>.global-graph-icon{background:none;border:none;color:var(--dark);opacity:.5;width:24px;height:24px;position:absolute;padding:.2rem;margin:.3rem;top:0;right:0;border-radius:4px;background-color:transparent;transition:background-color .5s ease;cursor:pointer;z-index:10}.graph>.graph-outer>.global-graph-icon:hover{background-color:var(--lightgray)}.graph>.global-graph-outer{position:fixed;z-index:9999;left:0;top:0;width:100vw;height:100vh;backdrop-filter:blur(4px);background-color:#0000004d;display:none;overflow:hidden}.graph>.global-graph-outer.active{display:inline-block}.graph>.global-graph-outer>.global-graph-container{border:1px solid var(--lightgray);background-color:var(--light);border-radius:5px;box-sizing:border-box;position:fixed;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%);height:80vh;width:80vw}@media(max-width:768px){.graph>.global-graph-outer>.global-graph-container{width:90%;height:70vh}}.graph-container,.global-graph-container{width:100%;height:100%}.graph-container canvas,.global-graph-container canvas{width:100%!important;height:100%!important}.page-title{font-size:1rem;margin:0;padding:.25rem 0;font-weight:600;line-height:1.2}.page-title a{color:var(--dark);text-decoration:none;transition:color .2s ease}.page-title a:hover{color:var(--secondary)}.quartz-footer,footer{text-align:left;margin-bottom:4rem;opacity:.7;font-size:.875rem;color:var(--gray)}.quartz-footer ul,footer ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;display:flex;flex-direction:row;gap:1rem;margin-top:-1rem;flex-wrap:wrap}.quartz-footer ul li,footer ul li{margin:0}.quartz-footer a,footer a{color:var(--secondary);text-decoration:none;font-weight:600;transition:color .2s ease}.quartz-footer a:hover,footer a:hover{color:var(--tertiary)}.quartz-footer p,footer p{margin:.5rem 0}*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;-moz-text-size-adjust:none;text-size-adjust:none;overflow-x:hidden;width:100%}body{margin:0;background-color:var(--bg-content);font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Noto Sans,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:var(--darkgray);line-height:1.6;overflow-x:hidden}article{font-size:1rem}article h1,article h2,article h3,article h4,article h5,article h6{color:var(--dark);font-weight:600;margin-top:1.5em;margin-bottom:.5em}article p{margin:1em 0}article ul,article ol{margin:1em 0;padding-left:1.5em}article code{background-color:var(--highlight);padding:.2em .4em;border-radius:3px;font-size:.9em;font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace}article pre{background-color:var(--highlight);padding:1em;border-radius:5px;overflow-x:auto}article pre code{background-color:transparent;padding:0}article blockquote{border-left:3px solid var(--secondary);padding-left:1em;margin-left:0;color:var(--gray)}article img{max-width:100%;height:auto;border-radius:5px}article table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;margin:1em 0}article th,article td{border:1px solid var(--lightgray);padding:.5em}article th{background-color:var(--highlight);font-weight:600}.toc{display:flex;flex-direction:column;min-width:14rem;overflow:hidden;transition:max-height .5s ease,visibility 0s linear 0s}.toc>.toc-toggle{background-color:transparent;border:none;text-align:left;cursor:default;padding:0;color:var(--dark)}.toc h3{font-size:1rem;margin:0;font-weight:500}.toc-content{overflow-y:auto;overflow-x:hidden;max-height:400px;border-left:1px solid var(--lightgray);margin-left:.5rem;padding-left:.5rem;margin-top:.5rem}.toc ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.toc ul li{margin:.25rem 0}.toc ul li a{color:var(--dark);text-decoration:none;opacity:.75;transition:all .3s ease;font-size:.9rem;display:block}.toc ul li a:hover{opacity:1;color:var(--tertiary)}.toc ul li.active>a{opacity:1;color:var(--tertiary);font-weight:500}.toc ul li.depth-1{padding-left:0;font-weight:500}.toc ul li.depth-2{padding-left:.8rem;border-left:1px solid var(--lightgray);margin-left:6px;font-weight:400}.toc ul li.depth-3{padding-left:1.6rem;font-size:.9rem;border-left:1px solid var(--lightgray);margin-left:6px;font-weight:400}.toc ul li.depth-4{padding-left:2.4rem;font-size:.9rem;border-left:1px solid var(--lightgray);margin-left:6px;font-weight:400}.toc ul li.depth-5,.toc ul li.depth-6{padding-left:3.2rem;font-size:.85rem;border-left:1px solid var(--lightgray);margin-left:6px;font-weight:400}@media(max-width:800px){.toc{display:none}}.breadcrumbs{margin-bottom:1rem}.breadcrumbs ol{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:.5rem;font-size:.875rem}.breadcrumbs li{margin:0;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.5rem}.breadcrumbs a{color:var(--secondary);text-decoration:none;transition:opacity .2s ease}.breadcrumbs a:hover{opacity:.7}.breadcrumbs .separator{color:var(--gray);font-size:1rem}.breadcrumbs .current{color:var(--dark);font-weight:600}.content-meta{margin-top:1rem;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.5rem;align-items:center;font-size:.875rem;color:var(--gray)}.content-meta .author{color:var(--darkgray);font-weight:600}.content-meta .separator{opacity:.5;padding:0 .25rem}.content-meta .date,.content-meta .reading-time{color:var(--gray)}.content-meta .reading-time:before{content:"📖 "}.taglist{margin-top:1rem;margin-bottom:2rem;padding-bottom:1rem;border-bottom:1px solid var(--lightgray)}.taglist ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.5rem}.taglist li{margin:0}.taglist .tag-link{background-color:var(--highlight);padding:.25rem .5rem;border-radius:.5rem;font-size:.875rem;color:var(--secondary);text-decoration:none;transition:background-color .2s ease;display:inline-block}.taglist .tag-link:hover{background-color:var(--lightgray)}.readermode{cursor:pointer;padding:0;position:relative;background:none;border:none;width:20px;height:20px;margin:0;text-align:inherit;flex-shrink:0;display:block;color:var(--darkgray)}.readermode:hover{color:var(--tertiary)}.readermode svg{position:absolute;width:20px;height:20px;top:0;left:0;fill:var(--darkgray);transition:opacity .1s ease}.readermode:hover svg{fill:var(--tertiary)}body.reader-mode .sidebar.left,body.reader-mode .sidebar.right{display:none}body.reader-mode .center{max-width:800px;margin:0 auto}.reader-mode-exit{position:fixed;top:1rem;right:1rem;z-index:9999;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.5rem;padding:.5rem 1rem;background:var(--light);border:1px solid var(--lightgray);border-radius:5px;color:var(--darkgray);cursor:pointer;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:500;box-shadow:0 2px 8px #0000001a;transition:all .2s ease}.reader-mode-exit:hover{background:var(--lightgray);color:var(--dark);transform:translateY(-1px);box-shadow:0 4px 12px #00000026}.reader-mode-exit svg{width:20px;height:20px;flex-shrink:0}.reader-mode-exit span{white-space:nowrap}@media(max-width:768px){.reader-mode-exit span{display:none}.reader-mode-exit{padding:.5rem;width:40px;height:40px;justify-content:center}}.explorer{display:flex;flex-direction:column;overflow-y:hidden;min-height:1.2rem;flex:0 1 auto;margin-top:.75rem}.explorer-title{padding:0;color:var(--dark)}.explorer-title h3{font-size:1rem;margin:0;font-weight:500}.explorer svg{pointer-events:all;transition:transform .35s ease}.explorer svg>polyline{pointer-events:none}.explorer-content{list-style:none;overflow:hidden;overflow-y:auto;margin-top:.5rem;max-height:600px;border-left:1px solid var(--lightgray);margin-left:.5rem;padding-left:.5rem}.explorer-content ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;overscroll-behavior:contain}.explorer-content ul li>a{color:var(--dark);opacity:.75;pointer-events:all;text-decoration:none;display:block;padding:.25rem 0;font-size:.9rem;transition:all .3s ease}.explorer-content ul li>a:hover{opacity:1;color:var(--tertiary)}.explorer-content ul li>a.active{opacity:1;color:var(--tertiary)}.folder-outer{display:grid;grid-template-rows:0fr;transition:grid-template-rows .3s ease-in-out}.folder-outer.open{grid-template-rows:1fr}.folder-outer>ul{overflow:hidden;margin-left:6px;padding-left:.8rem;border-left:1px solid var(--lightgray)}.folder-container{flex-direction:row;display:flex;align-items:center;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;user-select:none;padding:.25rem 0}.folder-container div>a{color:var(--dark);font-family:var(--headerFont);font-size:.9rem;font-weight:500;line-height:1.5rem;display:inline-block;text-decoration:none;opacity:.75}.folder-container div>a:hover{color:var(--tertiary);opacity:1}.folder-container div>button{color:var(--dark);background-color:transparent;border:none;text-align:left;cursor:pointer;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;display:flex;align-items:center;font-family:var(--headerFont)}.folder-container div>button span{font-size:.9rem;display:inline-block;color:var(--dark);font-weight:500;margin:0;line-height:1.5rem;pointer-events:none;opacity:.75}.folder-container div>button:hover span{color:var(--tertiary);opacity:1}.folder-icon{margin-right:5px;color:var(--dark);opacity:.75;cursor:pointer;transition:transform .3s ease,color .3s ease;backface-visibility:visible;flex-shrink:0}li:has(>.folder-outer:not(.open))>.folder-container>svg{transform:rotate(-90deg)}.folder-icon:hover{color:var(--tertiary);opacity:1}.file-item,.folder-item{list-style:none}.explorer-ul{padding-left:0}@media(max-width:800px){.explorer{display:none}}.prose[data-astro-cid-dpxbdw67] a[data-astro-cid-dpxbdw67]{color:var(--secondary);text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:var(--secondary);text-decoration-thickness:2px;text-underline-offset:2px}.prose[data-astro-cid-dpxbdw67] a[data-astro-cid-dpxbdw67]:hover{opacity:.8}.prose[data-astro-cid-dpxbdw67] code[data-astro-cid-dpxbdw67]{background-color:var(--highlight);color:var(--dark);padding:.125rem .375rem;border-radius:.25rem;font-size:.875rem}.prose[data-astro-cid-dpxbdw67] pre[data-astro-cid-dpxbdw67]{background-color:var(--darkgray);color:var(--lightgray);border-radius:.5rem;padding:1rem;overflow-x:auto}.prose[data-astro-cid-dpxbdw67] pre[data-astro-cid-dpxbdw67] code[data-astro-cid-dpxbdw67]{background-color:transparent;color:inherit;padding:0}.prose[data-astro-cid-dpxbdw67] h1[data-astro-cid-dpxbdw67],.prose[data-astro-cid-dpxbdw67] h2[data-astro-cid-dpxbdw67],.prose[data-astro-cid-dpxbdw67] h3[data-astro-cid-dpxbdw67],.prose[data-astro-cid-dpxbdw67] h4[data-astro-cid-dpxbdw67],.prose[data-astro-cid-dpxbdw67] h5[data-astro-cid-dpxbdw67],.prose[data-astro-cid-dpxbdw67] h6[data-astro-cid-dpxbdw67],.prose[data-astro-cid-dpxbdw67] p[data-astro-cid-dpxbdw67],.prose[data-astro-cid-dpxbdw67] li[data-astro-cid-dpxbdw67]{color:var(--dark)}.search-controls-row[data-astro-cid-dpxbdw67]{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.5rem;margin-top:1rem}.control-icons[data-astro-cid-dpxbdw67]{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.5rem;flex-shrink:0}.control-icons[data-astro-cid-dpxbdw67] .darkmode[data-astro-cid-dpxbdw67],.control-icons[data-astro-cid-dpxbdw67] .readermode[data-astro-cid-dpxbdw67]{border:1px solid var(--lightgray);border-radius:5px;padding:.5rem;background:var(--light);transition:all .2s ease;cursor:pointer}.control-icons[data-astro-cid-dpxbdw67] .darkmode[data-astro-cid-dpxbdw67]:hover,.control-icons[data-astro-cid-dpxbdw67] .readermode[data-astro-cid-dpxbdw67]:hover{border-color:var(--secondary);background:var(--highlight)}.control-icons[data-astro-cid-dpxbdw67] .darkmode[data-astro-cid-dpxbdw67] svg[data-astro-cid-dpxbdw67],.control-icons[data-astro-cid-dpxbdw67] .readermode[data-astro-cid-dpxbdw67] svg[data-astro-cid-dpxbdw67]{display:block}
